The first trimester of pregnancy: what to watch for

The first trimester (weeks 1–13) is when the baby's main organs form, which makes it the most delicate stage. Proper monitoring and a healthy lifestyle protect both mother and baby. Many women feel nausea and fatigue during this period — that is normal.

What happens in your body?

In the first trimester hormone levels change rapidly, causing a range of normal symptoms. The following are usually not a cause for concern:

• Morning sickness and nausea
• Fatigue and drowsiness
• Breast tenderness and growth
• Frequent urination
• Sensitivity to smells and mood changes

Important check-ups

In the first trimester your gynecologist plans a series of tests to monitor the health of mother and baby:

• A first ultrasound and confirmation of pregnancy
• Full blood count, blood type and Rh factor
• Infection screening (hepatitis, syphilis, TORCH) and a urine test
• Thyroid and blood-sugar checks

Nutrition and supplements

Folic acid is the most important supplement because it prevents neural tube defects, and ideally it should start before pregnancy. In addition:

• 400 mcg of folic acid daily (as advised by your doctor)
• Iron- and calcium-rich foods
• Plenty of vegetables, fruit, whole grains and protein
• 8–10 glasses of water a day

What to avoid

Some substances and foods can harm the baby. Avoid these completely during this period:

• Smoking, alcohol and any medication not prescribed by a doctor
• Raw or undercooked meat, fish and eggs
• Unpasteurised milk and soft cheeses
• Excess caffeine (more than 1 cup of coffee a day)

Daily care and comfort

To ease nausea, eat small frequent meals and try not to start the morning on an empty stomach. Light walks and enough sleep improve energy levels. Because stress hormones also play a role, relaxation techniques help.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor immediately for severe or persistent abdominal pain, any bleeding, non-stop vomiting (unable to keep anything down), high fever, severe headache or dizziness.

Frequently asked questions

When should the first ultrasound be done?

Usually around weeks 6–9 to confirm the baby's heartbeat, but your doctor decides the exact timing.

How long does nausea last?

Morning sickness often eases after weeks 12–14. See a doctor for persistent, severe vomiting (hyperemesis).

Can I exercise during pregnancy?

Yes, in an uncomplicated pregnancy light-to-moderate activity (walking, prenatal yoga) is beneficial. Avoid heavy lifting and risky sports, and check with your doctor.

This article is for information only and does not replace a doctor's advice.