Tooth decay and oral health: a daily protection guide

Tooth decay happens when bacteria in the mouth turn the sugar in food debris into acid, and that acid wears away the tooth's enamel. In its early stage it is painless, so it often goes unnoticed. The good news: with good hygiene and regular check-ups, decay can be prevented.

How does decay form?

A thin, sticky layer of bacteria — plaque — constantly forms on teeth. When you eat sugar and starch, the bacteria in plaque release acid that damages the enamel. Plaque that isn't cleaned in time hardens into tartar, which only a dentist can remove.

Symptoms

As decay progresses you may notice:

• Sensitivity to cold, hot or sweet
• Black or brown spots on a tooth
• A visible hole or pit in a tooth
• Pain when biting
• Persistent bad breath

Daily oral care

The most important steps for a healthy mouth are simple and within everyone's reach:

• Brush twice a day for at least 2 minutes with fluoride toothpaste
• Clean between teeth once a day with floss
• Cut down on the frequency of sugary drinks and snacks
• Drink plenty of water and rinse after meals
• Have a dental check-up every 6 months

Not just teeth — whole-body health

Oral health is linked to the whole body. Untreated gum disease (gingivitis/periodontitis) is associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and pregnancy complications. Bleeding gums, swelling or loose teeth should be taken seriously and shown to a dentist.

When to see a doctor

See a dentist for persistent toothache, swelling of the face or gums, pain with a fever, a broken tooth or ongoing gum bleeding. For preventive check-ups, twice a year is enough.

Frequently asked questions

Should I go for a check-up even without pain?

Yes. Decay and gum disease are painless early on; regular check-ups catch problems while they're small.

Does brushing replace flossing?

No. A brush can't reach between teeth; floss or an interdental brush cleans those areas.

Does decay in baby teeth matter?

Yes. Healthy baby teeth matter for the proper development of permanent teeth and for speech; they should be treated too.

This article is for information only and does not replace a doctor's advice.