How to cope with acid reflux

Reflux happens when stomach acid flows back into the food pipe, causing a burning feeling in the chest (heartburn). Occasional reflux is normal, but if it happens often it lowers quality of life and can damage the food pipe. Most cases are controlled with lifestyle changes.

Symptoms

The most typical sign of reflux is heartburn, but there can be other, lesser-known symptoms:

• Burning in the chest, especially after meals or lying down
• A sour or bitter taste in the mouth (regurgitation)
• Throat irritation, hoarseness or a dry cough
• Discomfort when swallowing, a feeling of chest pressure

Why does reflux happen?

When the muscular ring (sphincter) that acts as a 'valve' between the stomach and food pipe weakens or relaxes too much, stomach acid escapes upward. Excess weight, pregnancy, large meals, fatty food and smoking impair this valve. Sometimes a hiatal hernia is the cause.

Trigger foods

They vary from person to person, but the most common triggers are:

• Fatty and fried foods
• Spicy dishes, tomatoes and citrus
• Coffee, tea, chocolate and mint
• Fizzy and alcoholic drinks

Lifestyle tips

In most people symptoms are controlled with lifestyle changes:

• Eat small but frequent meals; avoid overeating
• Don't eat within 3 hours of bedtime
• Sleep with your head slightly raised (raise the bed head, not just pillows)
• Quit smoking and lose excess weight

When is treatment needed?

When lifestyle isn't enough, a doctor may prescribe acid-reducing medication (antacids, proton-pump inhibitors). Using these long-term on your own isn't advisable — because persistent reflux can damage the food pipe, a gastroenterologist's supervision matters.

When to see a doctor

See a gastroenterologist for trouble swallowing, bloody or coffee-ground vomit, unexplained weight loss, persistent pain or signs of anemia.

Frequently asked questions

Does milk help with reflux?

It can give temporary relief, but full-fat milk may worsen symptoms. Low-fat options are better.

Does reflux ever go away completely?

In many people it's controlled with lifestyle changes; sometimes a doctor prescribes acid-reducing medication.

Is constant reflux dangerous?

Long-term untreated reflux can cause inflammation and cell changes in the food pipe (Barrett's), so show persistent symptoms to a doctor.

This article is for information only and does not replace a doctor's advice.